Organizational Behaviour

Organizational behaviour is a field of study that understands, predicts, analyzes, and estimates the impact of human behaviour within group and organizational structure.

Features of Organizational Behaviour

1. Multidisciplinary
2. Goal oriented
3. Situational
4. Multilevel study
5. Normative science
6. Dynamic
7. System approach

Level of OB Analysis

1. Individual level analysis (Micro level)
2. Group level analysis (Meso level)
3. Organizational level analysis (Macro level)

Importance of Organizational Behaviour

1. Understanding employee perception
2. Controlling human behaviour
3. Motivating employees
4. Better utilization of means and resources

Basic Assumptions of OB

1. Individual difference
2. Selective perception
3. Motivated behaviour
4. Social system
5. Mutuality of interest
6. Desire of involvement

Contributing Disciplines to OB

1. Psychology
2. Social psychology
3. Sociology
4. Anthropology

Determinants of OB

1. Belief
2. Values
3. Attitudes
4. Needs and goals
5. Motives
6. Emotions
7. Cognitive dissonance

Challenges for Managers in OB

1. Managing workforce diversity
2. Responding to economic pressure
3. Responding to globalization
4. Improving customer service
5. Creating a positive work environment
6. Improving people's skills

Reference: Mahananda Chalise and Prakash Kumar Gautam, Organizational Behaviour and Human Resource Management, Kathmandu: KEC Publication.

Perception

Perception is a process by which an individual gathers and filters the sensory information to create a clear picture or understanding about a particular stimuli.

Features of perception.

1. Psychological or cognitive process.
2. May be different from reality.
3. Basis of individual difference.
4. Affected by motivation and personality.
5. Basis of individual behaviour.

Perceputal process

1. Environmental stimuli.
2. Selecting the information from the stimuli.
3. Organizing the selected information.
4. Interpretation of the organized stimuli.
5. outcomes.

Factors affecting the perception.

Factors in perceiver.
1. Attitudes.
2. Motives.
3. Emotions.
4. Experience.
5. Interests.
6. Expectations.

Factors in Target/stimuli.
1. Novelty and familiarity.
2. Intensity.
3. Size and motion.
4. Repetition.

Factors in situation.
1. Time.
2. Work setting.
3. Social setting.

Attribution errors

In a simple words,Attribution errors refers to the wrong judgement on others.Our perception on others can be wrong which is termed as attribution errors.

1. Fundamental attribution error.
-It is a type of error in judgement in which a perceiver give more priority to internal factors such as: ability traits,feelings,emotions and so on and underestimate the external factors.


2. Self serving bias.
-Self serving bias is a tendency of attributing success to internal causes/factor and failure to external cause/factor.


3. Common shortcut in judging others.
1. Selective perception= It is the tendency of interpreting the stimuli as the intention or wish of perceiver.
2. Halo effect= It is the tendency of judging the stimuli on the basis of single feature ignoring rest of all others.
3. Contrast effect= It refers to making judgement by comparing to another stimuli.
4. Stereotyping= It is the tendency of making judgement on the basis of values, beleifs, tradition, culture etc.

Reference:Mahananda chalise and prakash kumar gautam, organizational behaviour and human resource management,kathmandu:KEC publication.